Validation of taxon names described in Deltocephalinae from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

The purpose of this paper is to validate 4 generic names and 34 specific names previously introduced in the Deltocephalinae from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) by Li, Dai & Xing (2011). The names are unavailable in the original publication, because of the missing information on the type specimen repository. The following genera and species are introduced as new in this publication: Bambusananus, Li & Xing; Branchana Li; Cyclevertex Li & Xing; Lineana Li & Xing; Abrus biprocessus Li; Abrus graciaedeagus Li; Bambusana biflaka Li; Bambusana nigrimaculata Li; Bambusananus furcatus Li & Xing; Branchana xanthota Li; Cyclevertex furcatum Li & Xing; Lineana albipunctata Li & Xing; Lineana ductaedeagusa Li & Xing; Protensus nigrifrons Li & Xing; Protensus yanheensis Li & Xing; Paramesodes menghaiensis Xing & Li; Yuanamia producta (Xing & Li, 2011); Hishimonoides brevis Li, 2011; Litura tripunctata Li; Changwhania huajiangensis Xing & Li; Elginus productus Xing & Li; Metalimnus maoershanensis Xing & Li; Nicolaus bihamatus Xing & Li; Paralaevicephalus bisubulatus Xing & Li; Paralaevicephalus brevissimus Xing & Li; Paralaevicephalus spinosus Xing & Li; Scaphoideus annulatus Li; Scaphoideus bannaensis Li; Longicornus longus Xing & Li; Melanetettix mengyangensis Xing & Li; Osbornellus aurantius Xing & Li; Osbornellus suiyangensis Xing & Li; Osbornellus conoideus Xing & Li; Phlogothamnus acutaedeagus Li; Phlogothamnus luteoguttatus Li; Phlogothamnus productus Li & Xing; Phlogothamnus rugosus Li; Phlogotettix fanjingshanensis Li.

Parathlasia gen. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Ledrinae, Ledrini), a new leafhopper genus from Guizhou, China.

Parathlasia gen. nov., a new leafhopper genus and species of Ledrini, P.guizhouensis sp. nov., from Guizhou, China are described. Morphological differences between the new genus to other related Chinese genera are discussed. A key to distinguish Parathlasia from other similar genera is given.

Coupled ferroelectricity and superconductivity in bilayer Td-MoTe2.

Achieving electrostatic control of quantum phases is at the frontier of condensed matter research. Recent investigations have revealed superconductivity tunable by electrostatic doping in twisted graphene heterostructures and in two-dimensional semimetals such as WTe2 (refs. 1-5). Some of these systems have a polar crystal structure that gives rise to ferroelectricity, in which the interlayer polarization exhibits bistability driven by external electric fields6-8. Here we show that bilayer Td-MoTe2 simultaneously exhibits ferroelectric switching and superconductivity. Notably, a field-driven, first-order superconductor-to-normal transition is observed at its ferroelectric transition. Bilayer Td-MoTe2 also has a maximum in its superconducting transition temperature (Tc) as a function of carrier density and temperature, allowing independent control of the superconducting state as a function of both doping and polarization. We find that the maximum Tc is concomitant with compensated electron and hole carrier densities and vanishes when one of the Fermi pockets disappears with doping. We argue that this unusual polarization-sensitive two-dimensional superconductor is driven by an interband pairing interaction associated with nearly nested electron and hole Fermi pockets.

Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler, 1896) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae).

The green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler), is an important rice pest and a vector of the rice dwarf virus in Asia. Here, we produced a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of 753.23 Mb using PacBio (∼110×) and Hi-C data (∼94×). It contained 163 scaffolds and 950 contigs, whose scaffold/contig N50 lengths reached 85.36/2.57 Mb. And 731.19 Mb (97.07%) of the assembly was anchored into eight pseudochromosomes. Genome completeness was attained to 97.0% according to the insect reference Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) gene set (n = 1,367). We masked 347.10 Mb (46.08%) of the genome as repetitive elements. Nine hundred sixty-two noncoding RNAs were identified and 14,337 protein-coding genes were predicted. We also assigned GO term and KEGG pathway annotations for 10,049 and 9,251 genes, respectively. Significantly expanded gene families were primarily involved in immunity, cuticle, digestion, detoxification, and embryonic development. This study provided a crucial genomic resource for better understanding on the biology and evolution in family Cicadellidae.

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Calodia Nielson (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Coelidiinae) from China, with a checklist and key to Chinese species.

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Calodia Nielson are described and illustrated: C. quadrimacula sp. nov. from Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces and C. zuoae sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, China. A checklist along with distribution and a key to species based on male genitalia of the genus Calodia from China are provided. Olidiana nigritibiana (Li), comb. nov. (earlier in the genus Calodia) is proposed. At present, this genus comprises 45 known species worldwide, of which 19 species are recorded from China.

Scalable and hierarchically designed polymer film as a selective thermal emitter for high-performance all-day radiative cooling.

Traditional cooling systems consume tremendous amounts of energy and thus aggravate the greenhouse effect1,2. Passive radiative cooling, dissipating an object's heat through an atmospheric transparency window (8-13 µm) to outer space without any energy consumption, has attracted much attention3-9. The unique feature of radiative cooling lies in the high emissivity in the atmospheric transparency window through which heat can be dissipated to the universe. Therefore, for achieving high cooling performance, the design and fabrication of selective emitters, with emission strongly dominant in the transparency window, is of essential importance, as such spectral selection suppresses parasitic absorption from the surrounding thermal radiation. Recently, various materials and structures with tailored spectrum responses have been investigated to achieve the effect of daytime radiative cooling6-8,10-15. However, most of the radiative cooling materials reported possess broad-band absorption/emission covering the whole mid-infrared wavelength11-15. Here we demonstrate that a hierarchically designed polymer nanofibre-based film, produced by a scalable electrostatic spinning process, enables selective mid-infrared emission, effective sunlight reflection and therefore excellent all-day radiative cooling performance. Specifically, the C-O-C (1,260-1,110 cm-1) and C-OH (1,239-1,030 cm-1) bonding endows the selective emissivity of 78% in 8-13 µm wavelength range, and the design of nanofibres with a controlled diameter allows for a high reflectivity of 96.3% in 0.3-2.5 µm wavelength range. As a result, we observe ~3 °C cooling improvement of this selective thermal emitter as compared to that of a non-selective emitter at night, and 5 °C sub-ambient cooling under sunlight. The impact of this hierarchically designed selective thermal emitter on alleviating global warming and temperature regulating an Earth-like planet is also analysed, with a significant advantage demonstrated. With its excellent cooling performance and a scalable process, this hierarchically designed selective thermal emitter opens a new pathway towards large-scale applications of all-day radiative cooling materials.

Three new species of the leafhopper genus Thagria Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) from China.

Three new species of the leafhopper genus Thagria from China, T. trifurcata sp. nov., T. denticosta sp. nov. and T. fimbriata sp. nov., are described, illustrated and photographed. In addition, T. lateralis Fan Li, 2017 is placed as a new synonym of T. menglana Wang Zhang, 2017.

Imaging metabotropic glutamate receptor system: Application of positron emission tomography technology in drug development.

The diversity seen in the mode of pharmacology and the numerous glutamate receptor subtypes have previously complicated drug development efforts. Nonetheless, recent clinical trials of drug candidates that accommodate the glutamatergic intricate pharmacology have yielded encouraging results. Target engagement is an important requirement for the advancement of central nervous system drug candidates into clinical trial. Positron emission tomography (PET) tracer technology has the unique ability to give the direct insight into the relationship between the level of receptor occupancy and the administered dose, thus establishing a direct link between the level of target exposure and the drug efficacy in human. This review is focused on the advancement of mGlu5 , mGlu 1 , and mGlu 2 receptor-related PET tracer technology: PET tracer development strategies, PET tracer selection in receptor occupancy studies, the scopes and limitations to use PET to measure receptor occupancy for the drug candidates with different pharmacology, and how to use the measurements of receptor occupancy as a translational biomarker for decision-making in an innovative drug development program.

Key to genera of Chinese Coelidiinae leafhoppers, with description a new species of the leafhopper genus Baseprocessa (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae).

The genus Baseprocessa Fan & Li, 2017 is reviewed and a new species B. longiprocessa sp. nov. from Tibet is described and illustrated. An updated checklist and distributions of the species of this genus are provided and a key to Chinese Coelidiinae genera is included.

Simaonukia, a new genus of the leafhopper tribe Evacanthini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Evacanthinae), with descriptions of a new species from China.

Simaonukia, a new leafhopper genus of Evacanthini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Evacanthinae), and a new species, Simaonukia longispinus sp. n. from Yunnan, China are described.

New contributions to the leafhopper genus Gladkara from Thailand (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini).

General characteristics of Gladkara Dworakowska and a checklist to all the known species of this genus are provided. A new species Gladkara klongensis Song & Dietrich, sp. n. from Thailand is added.

The leafhopper genus Onukigallia Ishihara, 1955 with descriptions of two new species from southern China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Megophthalminae, Agalliini).

Two new Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Onukigallia, Onukigallia neoonukiisp. n. from Sichuan and Guangdong Provinces, and Onukigallia tumidasp. n. from Hubei and Hunan Provinces are described and illustrated. A key and an updated checklist with distributions of Onukigallia species are provided.

Contribution to knowledge of Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Thailand: first record of genus Arboridia Zachvatkin with description of three new species and a new synonymy.

Three new species, Arboridia (Arboridia) magna sp.nov., A. (Arborifera) mira sp.nov. and A. (Arboridia) sexprocessa sp.nov. from Phitsanulok, Thailand are described and illustrated. A key for the identification of species of Arboridia from Thailand is provided. Arboridia (Arboridia) koreana Oh & Jung 2015 is synonymised with A. (Arboridia) agrillacea (Anufriev 1969).

Additions to the leafhopper subgenus Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) Matsumura, 1912 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) from Southern China.

Three new species of the leafhopper subgenus Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) Matsumura, 1912, P. (P.) alba Li, Dai & Li sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China, P. (P.) amplificata Li, Dai & Li sp. nov. and P. (P.) longiapophysis Li, Dai & Li sp. nov. from Guangdong Province, Southern China, are described and illustrated. A key and an updated checklist with distribution to the Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) species along with geographical distribution maps of the new species are given.

A new erythroneurine leafhopper genus from Thailand (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of three new species.

A new genus of tribe Erythroneurini from Thailand, Thaioneura gen. n., including three new species: Thaioneura nigrilinea sp. n. (type species), Thaioneura sinuata sp. n. and Thaioneura suphanburia sp. n., is described and illustrated and a key to species is provided. The new genus exhibits a pattern of interspecific variation in the hind wing venation that has not been observed in other genera of the tribe.

Key to species of the genus Bambusananus Li & Xing (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), and with description of a new species from China.

A new species, Bambusananus bispinosus sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, China. A key based on the aedeagus is given to distinguish all species of the genus. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).

Studies on idiocerine leafhoppers with descriptions of Chinaocerus gen. nov. and three new species from China (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadellidae).

A new leafhopper genus of the tribe Idiocerini (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadellidae), Chinaocerus, is described from the southwest China together with three new species, C. kangdingensis Zhang & Li sp. nov. (Sichuan Province), C. bispinatus Zhang & Li sp. nov. (Yunnan Province) and C. shii Zhang & Li sp. nov. (Sichuan Province). Descriptions and illustrations of these three new species are provided, and a key for their separation is also given.

Two new species of the genus Kabakra Dworakowska from Thailand (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae).

The leafhopper genus Kabakra was established with Kabakra augusta from Vietnam as its type species by Dworakowska (1979). Later, another two species were described from India (Sohi & Mann 1992, Mathew & Ramakrishnan 1996). The genus was reviewed by Cao et al. (2012), who redescribed the genus and added three new species from China and Thailand. So far, six species have been reported, all from the Oriental region (see Dmitriev, 2016). In the present paper, two new species, K. chaiyaphuma and K. sakona spp. nov. are described and illustrated, with a key and a checklist to all known species of Kabakra.

New additions to the leafhopper genus Salka Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Hainan and Henan Provinces of China.

The leafhopper genus Salka Dworakowska, 1972 belongs to the Typhlocybinae tribe Erythroneurini with Zygina nigricans Matsumura, 1932 as its type species. The known species of this genus are distributed in the Oriental and Palearctic regions. Recently, it was reviewed by Zhang et al. (2009), Ohara (2012) and Song & Li (2012). Seventy-eight species are known, including 36 species from China. In this present work, two new species from China are described and illustrated. All specimens examined are deposited to the collection of the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, China (GUGC).